Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The vertebrate circulatory system consists of a central pump (the heart), a system of tubes (the vascular and lymphatic vessels), fluid (blood and lymph) and a control system (neural, endocrine, paracrine and autocrine factors) that serves to transport gases, nutrients and other substances around the body. Key Concepts Gases, nutrients, immune factors, and products of metabolism are transported in the blood around the body through a closed network of branching blood vessels. The heart is a muscular pump with a specialised pacemaker region that normally initiates the heartbeat, though heartrate is modified by sympathetic and parasympathetic control. Excitation‐contraction (E‐C) coupling refers to the linking of the action potential of a cardiac cell and the contraction of a muscle fibre; Ca 2+ cycling is a critical component of E‐C coupling. Cardiac morphology and circulation patterns vary across vertebrate groups; mammals, birds and crocodiles have a double circulation while water‐breathing fishes have a single circulation. Arterioles control blood flow to local capillary beds in the peripheral circulation via changes in arteriole diameter
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.041 | 0.009 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".