Les obligations réelles environnementales au service d’une protection des zones humides
Bibliographic record
Abstract
L’obligation réelle environnementale a été introduite en droit français en 2016. Un propriétaire décide de mettre à sa charge, comme à celle de tous les propriétaires successifs du bien pendant la durée de la convention, des obligations de faire ou de ne pas faire. Celles-ci, consenties au bénéfice de personnes publiques ou privées agissant pour la protection de l’environnement, ont pour objet « le maintien, la conservation, la gestion ou la restauration d’éléments de biodiversité ou de fonctions écologiques » (Code de l’environnement, art. L. 132-2 al. 1). L’adoption de cet instrument, inspiré de législations étrangères, s’est heurtée à de nombreuses résistances. Ses potentialités sont pourtant considérables, notamment pour la protection des zones humides. La nature juridique de ce nouvel instrument fait également débat. Quant à son régime juridique, il est le fruit d’un compromis entre l’esprit initial imprégné de souplesse et de liberté contractuelle et les revendications associées aux résistances qui s’étaient exprimées.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.019 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".