Index

fast stains, avian tuberculosis diagnosis and, 295 Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, MAIC complex classification and, 297 Acremonium, 417 Acute reticular cell neoplasia, reticuloendotheliosis and, 229, 230 Acyclovir, HIV-induced diseases in birds and, 79 Adenoviruses, 77 ubiquity of, 182 Advisory Committee on Dangerous Pathogens of the United Kingdom, 12 Aflatoxins (AFs), 417, 418, 421-423 clinical signs of, 421 diagnosis of, 423 distribution of, 418 epizootiology of, 421 etiology of, 418 experimentally determined effects of, in feed of wild bird species, 419-420t history behind, 418 host range of, 418 immunity from, 422-423 pathogenesis of, 421-422 pathology of, 422-423 Africa, West Nile virus distribution in, 21 African Gray Parrots Pacheco's parrot disease and, 72 papillomaviruses in, 206, 207 psittacine beak and feather disease in, 196 Agar gel immunodiffusion avian influenza virus and, 122 Newcastle Disease virus antibodies detected by, 11 serologic evidence of antibodies to REV found with, 228 Agar gel precipitin avian adenoviral infection diagnosis and, 190 orthoreovirus group-specific antigen demonstrated with, 179 Age, avian cholera and, 258 AGID.See Agar gel immunodiffusion AGP.See agar gel precipitin AIDS.See Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome AIVs.See Avian-origin influenza viruses Albatrosspox, 134 Aleutian Canada Goose, exudate in trachea of, with obstructive tracheal aspergillosis, 368 Alewife, botulism and, 400 Algal biotoxins, 431-448 diagnosis of, 446-447 epizootiology of, 432, 438-439 etiology, clinical signs, and pathology of, 439-446 history behind, 431-432 management implications with, 448 overview of, 431 synonyms related to, 431 treatment and control of, 448 wildlife population impacts on, 448-447 Alimentary tract, Newcastle Disease viruses and lesions in, 9 Alpharetrovirus genus, L/S virus members within, 216 Alternaria, 417 Amazon parrots Pacheco's parrot disease and, 72 polyomaviruses in, 208 American Black Ducks duck plague virus and, 94, 97, 101 M. anatis and, 328 American Coots avian cholera and, 240, 252 avian vacuolar myelinopathy and, 445, 447-448 crane HV and, 73 P. multocida and, 255 Tete serogroup viruses and, 38 American Crows avian cholera and, 252, 256 chlamydia in, 304 hemorrhagic meningitis in, 257 Kunjin encephalitis virus and, 29 Mycloplasma sturni isolated from, 328 Mycoplasmi sturni isolated from, 327 natural and experimental West Nile virus infections in, 41 NY99 strain of West Nile virus and, 28 West Nile virus in, 23, 24, 25, 26 American Goldfinches avian pox and, 140 Eastern equine encephalitis and, 35 S. Typhimurium outbreaks and, 278 Salmonella Typhimurium DT 40 and, 274 American Kestrels, hemorrhagic enteretis virus in, 187 American Robins avian pox and, 140 Eastern equine encephalitis and, 35 Mycloplasma sturni isolated from, 328 St. Louis encephalitis and, 19 American White Pelicans avian botulism in, 407 Newcastle Disease in, 4 West Nile virus and, 47 American White Storks diseases with HV etiology in, 64 herpesviruses and, 74 American Wigeon avian cholera and, 252 enlarged liver of, due to avian tuberculosis, 294 P. multocida and, 255 American Woodcocks, orthoreoviruses and, 177, 178, 179 Amnesic shellfish poisoning, 431 clinical symptoms of, 442 Index Anatidae family avian influenza virus and, 110 duck plague and, 89 duck plague virus infection in wild waterfowl species of, 90-93t Anatid herpesvirus 1, 87, 89 Anatoxin-a, 443 Anatoxin-a(s), 443 Aniline stains, avian spirochetosis diagnosis and, 348 Anseriformes, tuberculosis in, 290 Anseriformes Order, duck plague and, 89 Antarctic penguins, Newcastle Disease virus in, 5 Antibacterial chemotherapy, avian cholera treated with, 260 Antibiotics.See also Vaccines and vaccinations avian cholera treated with, 260 B. ansserina and, 348 erysipelas treated with, 337 Anti-cholinesterase assays, anatoxin-a(s) and microcystin screening and, 446 Antigen capture ELISA, L/S viral antigen identification and, 227 Antigen detection, avian influenza virus and, 122 Antigenic shift, 117 Aphanizomenon blooms, 447 APMV-1.See Avian paramyxovirus type 1 APV.See Avian polyomavirus Aquatic birds, as source of influenza A viruses in animal species, 108 ArboNET, 46 Arboviruses factors influencing transmission of, in nature, 40t taxonomic relationships of, 17 Arboviruses, The: Epidemiology and Ecology, 17 Arboviruses in birds, 17-49 as causes of disease in humans, domestic animals, and wildlife, 42t clinical signs of, 40-41 diagnosis of, 43-45 disease caused by, in humans, domestic animals, and wildlife, 42t epizoothiology of, 39-40 etiology, host range, and distribution of, 17-39 Bunyaviridae, 36-38 Flaviviridae, 17-30 Reoviridae, 38-39 Rhabdoviridae, 38 Togaviridae, 30-36 general transmission cycle for, 39 history behind, 17 immunity from, 45 management implications with, 49 overview of, 17 pathogenesis and pathology of, 41-43 prevention and control of, 47-49 surveillance of, 45-47 wildlife population impacts with, 47 Arctic Hare, Louping Ill virus and, 30 Argas ticks, 347 Aristotle, 63 Arizona, West Nile virus activity in, 25-26 Arthropod-borne viruses.See Arboviruses Arthrospira fusiformis, 445 Asian HP H5N1 AI epizootic, in poultry, 108 Asian Open-Billed Stork, Asian HP H5N1 AI in, 110 ASP.See Amnesic shellfish poisoning Aspergillosis, 360-371 acute, in immature Ring-billed Gull, 367 antemortem diagnosis of, 369 clinical signs of, 366 diagnosis of, 368-369 distribution of, 360, 364 domestic animal health concerns with, 370 epizootiology of, 364-366 etiology of, 364 in free living birds, as reported in scientific literature, 361-363t history behind, 360 host range of, 364 in immature White-naped Crane, 367 immunity from, 369 overview of, 360 pathogenesis and pathology of, 366-368 public health concerns with, 370 synonyms related to, 360 tracheal, exudate in trachea of Aleutian Canada Goose, 368 tracheal, in Whooping Crane, 368 treatment and control of, 370-371 two hypotheses for development of, 365 wildlife population impacts from, 370 Aspergillus, 417 aflatoxin production and, 418 Aspergillus flavus, 360, 364, 365, 418 Aspergillus flavus-oryzae, 364 Aspergillus fumigatus, 360, 364, 365, 366, 367, 368 Aspergillus genus, species within, 364 Aspergillus nidulans, 364 Aspergillus niger, 360, 364 Aspergillus ochraceus, 426 Aspergillus parasiticus, 418 Aspergillus spp., 360 fungal hyphae of, in lung of Golden Eagle, 368 Atadenoviruses, propagating, 190 Atadenovirus genus, adenoviruses infecting bird members of, 182 Athecates, 439 Atlantic Migratory Bird Flyway, 110 Attenuated live virus vaccines against HV-induced diseases of domestic birds, 80 Marek's disease and, 78 Attwater's Prairie Chicken neoplasia associated with RE viruses in, 216 reticuloendotheliosis and, 228, 229, 231 Australia Department of the Environment and Heritage, 199 Autogenous vaccines, avian herpesviruses and, 79 Aviadenoviridae genus, adenoviruses infecting bird members of, 182 Aviadenoviruses, ubiquity of, 191 Avian adenoviruses, 182-192 clinical signs of, 187 diagnosis of, 189-190 distribution of, 183 domestic animal health concerns with, 191 epizootiology of, 186-187 etiology of, 183, 186 history behind, 182-183 host range of, 183 immunity against, 190-191 management implications with, 192 overview of, 182 pathogenesis of, 187-188 pathology of, 188-189 public health concerns and, 191 Cacatua populations, psittacine beak and feather disease in, 196 CaCV.See Canary circovirus Cajus Plinius Secundus the Older, 63-64 California, West Nile virus activity in, 25, 26 California Condors, botulism contracted by, 381 California Gulls chlamydiosis deaths among, 304 erysipelas in, 333 P. multocida and, 255 CAM.See Chorioallantoic membrane Canada, West Nile surveillance plan in, 46 Canada Geese avian cholera and hemorrhages adjacent to coronary fat bands in, 257 avian vacuolar myelinopathy in, 445 duck plague virus and, 94, 96, 97, 101 lesion in intestine of, due to duck plague, 98 Canaries avian pox and, 138, 141 avian spirochetosis in, 347 circoviruses in, 74, 195 Canary circovirus, history behind, 202 Canary Islands, avian pox infections in, 131, 135, 140, 142 Canarypox, 134 Canvasback, enlarged liver of, due to avian tuberculosis, 294 Cape Cormorants avian cholera and, 240, 251 deaths of, from avian cholera, 260 Cape Parrots, psittacine beak and feather disease in, 196 Captive animals, Newcastle Disease and, 12-13 Captive bird populations, tuberculosis and density of, 289 Captive-reared birds, botulism in, 398-399 CAR.See Central African Republic Carbol-Fuchsin red dye, avian tuberculosis diagnosis and, 295 Carcass-maggot cycle, of botulism, 395, 397, 400 Carolina Wren, Eastern equine encephalitis and, 35 Carrier state, duck plague virus and, 94-95 Carrion Crow, Mycloplasma sturni isolated from, 328 Caspian Tern, Newcastle Disease isolated in, 4 Cassin's Finch, salmonellosis and, 284 Cats domestic, salmonellosis in, 283 Mycobacterium avium infections in, 297 Cattle abortions in, due to Rock Pigeon-associated avian serovar B strain, 312 type C botulism in, 406 Cattle Egrets as host of Japanese encephalitis virus, 18 salmonellosis and, 283 West Nile virus in, 21 CAV.See Chicken anemia virus CEF.See Chicken embryo fibroblast Cellular response, to Newcastle Disease virus, 12 CELO virus.See Chicken embryo lethal orphan virus Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 46 serotype names and, 275 Central African Republic, Dugbe virus isolated from human cases in, 37 Central nervous system Eastern equine encephalitis and, 33 Newcastle Disease viruses and lesions in, 9 Ceylon Jungle Fowl, Marek's disease and, 78 CF test.See Complement fixation test Chickadees, Eastern equine encephalitis and, 35 Chicken domestic, histologic section of avian poxvirus infection of skin from toe region of, 138 immune response to Newcastle Disease virus by, 12 Chicken anemia virus, 194 Chicken embryo fibroblast, 77 Chicken embryo fibroblast coverslip culture, inoculation of, with HV obtained from

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