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Record W4206428924 · doi:10.22215/etd/2021-14816

Essays on Structural Changes, US Business Cycles and Monetary Policy

2021· dissertation· en· W4206428924 on OpenAlexaff
Joshua Brault

Bibliographic record

Venuenot available
Typedissertation
Languageen
FieldEconomics, Econometrics and Finance
TopicMonetary Policy and Economic Impact
Canadian institutionsCarleton University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsBusiness cycleGreat ModerationEconomicsMonetary policyBoomLaggingCollateralModerationVariety (cybernetics)Monetary economicsKeynesian economicsEngineeringComputer scienceFinance

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

In this thesis I study a major structural change in the US economy, namely, the consequences of the Great Moderation on the US economy and the operation of monetary policy.My first chapter explores a variety of empirical relationships on lead-lag properties of the US business cycle and how these relationships have changed since the onset of the Great Moderation.We emphasize four major changes in lead-lag properties.Since these relationships serve as a benchmark for many models of the business cycle, we examine if a variety of models can account for these changes.We find that they cannot.My second chapter provides an explanation for the first property in my first chapter, that the real interest rate switched from negatively leading the US business cycle to positively lagging.The explanation rests on the fact that uncertainty about the current state of the economy has become less severe since the onset of the Great Moderation.This allows policymakers to set monetary policy closer to their rule-based policy prescription under no uncertainty and reduce unintended monetary induced fluctuations.My third chapter explores business cycle asymmetry prior to and after the Great Moderation.I show that the business cycle has become more asymmetric since the onset of the Great Moderation with booms becoming smaller and busts staying relatively the same.I highlight that this type of asymmetry is consistent with a class of models which feature occasionally binding collateral constraints.i My fourth chapter is a contribution to New Keynesian (NK) models.In a standard NK model, monetary policy operates through the real interest rate channel.This channel has recently drawn some criticism when the model is extended to include capital accumulation.In this setting it is possible for the real interest rate to fall in response to a positive monetary policy shock, contradicting the intuition of the real interest rate channel.We show that result vanishes when frictions on the flow of investment are present, as in modern NK models.Under this framework the response of the real interest rate is always the same as the monetary policy shock.I thank my supervisor, Hashmat Khan, for his support and guidance throughout my PhD.I learned a great amount from him and always enjoyed our collaborations.He has always been supportive and enthusiastic about my work, which made my PhD a very enjoyable experience.I am looking forward to our future collaborations

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.004
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: Theoretical or conceptual
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.008
Threshold uncertainty score0.028

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.004
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0020.003
Science and technology studies0.0010.002
Scholarly communication0.0020.002
Open science0.0000.001
Research integrity0.0010.002
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0080.001

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.042
GPT teacher head0.243
Teacher spread0.201 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designTheoretical or conceptual
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2021
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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