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Record W4206435255 · doi:10.4212/cjhp.v75i1.3254

Levetiracetam for Status Epilepticus in Adults: A Systematic Review

2022· review· en· W4206435255 on OpenAlexaffvenue
Carly Webb, Richard Wanbon, Erica D Otto

Bibliographic record

VenueThe Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy · 2022
Typereview
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicEpilepsy research and treatment
Canadian institutionsRoyal Jubilee HospitalIsland Health
Fundersnot available
KeywordsLevetiracetamMedicinePhenytoinStatus epilepticusAdverse effectBenzodiazepineRandomized controlled trialAnesthesiaValproic AcidPediatricsCochrane LibraryInternal medicineEpilepsyPsychiatry

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Background: Status epilepticus (SE) is a neurologic emergency with potential for substantial mortality and morbidity. Parenteral benzodiazepine is the established first-line treatment but fails to control SE in about one-third of patients. Levetiracetam may be used for SE that is refractory to benzodiazepine therapy. Objective: To examine, by means of a systematic review, the role of IV levetiracetam for the treatment of SE in adults. Data Sources: MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, and CINAHL databases were searched, from inception to August 18, 2020. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Included in this review were prospective randomized controlled trials comparing levetiracetam with another antiepileptic drug, given with or after a benzodiazepine, in adult patients with SE. The primary outcome was cessation of SE. Quality of evidence was assessed with the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Characteristics of the included studies were reported using descriptive statistics. Data Synthesis: Five studies compared IV levetiracetam with valproic acid, phenytoin (or its prodrug fosphenytoin), or both. All 5 studies found no statistically significant differences in efficacy or safety end points. There were numerically more cases of hypotension and respiratory failure with phenytoin, and more cases of psychiatric adverse effects (e.g., post-ictal psychosis) with levetiracetam. Conclusions: Available evidence suggests that levetiracetam is as effective as valproic acid or phenytoin for the cessation of SE in adults. Other factors should therefore dictate the choice of antiepileptic drug for patients with SE, such as adverse effect profile, logistics of administration, drug cost, inclusion on hospital formularies, and drug availability. RÉSUMÉ Contexte : L’état de mal épileptique (EME) est une urgence neurologique qui s’accompagne d’un potentiel important de mortalité et de morbidité. La benzodiazépine parentérale est le traitement de première ligne établi, mais ne parvient pas à contrôler l’EME chez environ un tiers des patients. Le lévétiracétam peut s’utiliser pour les EME réfractaires au traitement par les benzodiazépines. Objectif : Examiner, au moyen d’une revue systématique, le rôle du lévétiracétam IV pour le traitement de l’EME chez l’adulte. Sources des données : Les bases de données MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL et CINAHL ont fait l’objet d’une recherche, depuis leur création jusqu’au 18 août 2020. Sélection des études et extraction des données : Cette revue comprenait des essais contrôlés randomisés prospectifs comparant le lévétiracétam à un autre médicament antiépileptique, administré avec ou après une benzodiazépine, chez des patients adultes atteints d’EME. Le critère de jugement principal était l’arrêt de l’EME. La qualité des preuves a été évaluée avec l’outil de risque de biais Cochrane. Les caractéristiques des études incluses ont été rapportées à l’aide de statistiques descriptives. Synthèse des données : Cinq études ont comparé le lévétiracétam IV avec l’acide valproïque, la phénytoïne (ou son promédicament, la fosphénytoïne), ou les deux. Les 5 études n’ont trouvé aucune différence statistiquement significative en termes d’efficacité ou d’innocuité. Numériquement, les cas d’hypotension et d’insuffisance respiratoire avec la phénytoïne étaient plus élevés, et les cas d’effets indésirables psychiatriques (par exemple, psychose post-critique) étaient plus élevés avec le lévétiracétam. Conclusions : Les preuves disponibles suggèrent que le lévétiracétam est aussi efficace que l’acide valproïque ou la phénytoïne pour l’arrêt de l’EME chez l’adulte. D’autres facteurs devraient donc dicter le choix du médicament antiépileptique pour les patients atteints d’EME, tels que le profil des effets indésirables, la logistique d’administration, le coût du médicament, l’inscription sur les formulaires hospitaliers et la disponibilité des médicaments.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.004
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.018
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Systematic review · Consensus signal: Systematic review
GenreCandidate signal: Review · Consensus signal: Review
Teacher disagreement score0.008
Threshold uncertainty score0.021

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0040.018
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0080.005
Bibliometrics0.0060.007
Science and technology studies0.0000.001
Scholarly communication0.0020.002
Open science0.0020.001
Research integrity0.0020.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0050.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.070
GPT teacher head0.390
Teacher spread0.319 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designSystematic review
Domainnot available
GenreReview

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations13
Published2022
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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