Ka-Band Integrated Multilayer Pyramidal Horn Antenna Excited by Substrate-Integrated Gap Waveguide
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This work proposed a solution of structures built from stacking several dielectric substrates with the conducting cladding, aiming for electrical contact between them [perfect electric conductor (PEC)–PEC]. At mm-wave frequencies, surface roughness or imperfect flat surfaces present possible gaps that cause severe unexpected leakage. Many engineers overlooked this problem. To prevent this leakage, we propose transforming one of the PEC–PEC surfaces into artificial magnetic conductors (AMCs), creating a PEC–AMC layer that suppresses any leakage even with no contact between the surfaces where the gap is less than a quarter wavelength. A wideband multilayer pyramidal horn antenna using substrate-integrated gap waveguide (SIGW) technology is proposed as an example that highlights the proposed solution. In each layer of the horn, the opening is surrounded by periodic cells to suppress leakage and surface waves. In addition, the upper surface surrounding the horn’s opening is surrounded by EBG mushroom cells to act as a soft surface that suppresses the surface waves and reduces the edge diffraction, and, in turn, improves the radiation characteristics of the horn. The horn achieved a gain of 11.5 dBi and 20.5% bandwidth (28.5–35 GHz). The simulated and measured results show excellent agreement with each other.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".