Numerical and Experimental Investigation of the Efficiency of an Oil-Water Gravity Separator at an Electrical Substation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This papers presents a numerical approach based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) that was developed to ensure that gravity oil-water separators at Hydro-Québec electrical substations comply with the environmental legislation in place. More precisely, multiphase simulations are performed for two operating conditions of an in service separator, and an experimental setup is used to produce an oil spill and to measure the time-varying oil concentration at the separator outlet. The results show that, for the tested conditions, the oil droplet size at a separator inlet generally follows a log-normal distribution and that the droplet diameter varies between 100 and 1000 µm with a mean value of 475 µm. Furthermore, both the experimental and numerical results show that the time required for the oil droplets to reach the separator outlet is quite shorter than the theoretical mean residence time. Finally, this study demonstrates that the numerical model predicts the separator efficiency within 1% of the measured value, and that it can be a valuable tool to investigate existing separators or to design new ones.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".