A Risk-Based Multiobjective Optimization Framework to Enhance the Safety of Horizontal Curves with Limited Sight Distance
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study introduces a multiobjective optimization framework for the redimensioning of the cross-sectional elements of rural horizontal curves with limited sight distance. The optimization aims at minimizing both the risk associated with the limited sight distance and the expected collision frequency corresponding to the cross-sectional elements’ dimensions. The risk component was assessed using an index known as Pnc, which is developed based on reliability theory using the First-Order Reliability Method (FORM). The change in collision frequency corresponding to the change in the cross-sectional elements was extracted from the literature. The risk and the safety components were then combined into one measure, a combined crash modification factor (CMFcombined), to develop a direct measure of the safety impacts of the optimization. The proposed framework was applied to five restricted curves in British Columbia, Canada, considering various scenarios. The results showed a considerable reduction in the Pnc value (ranging from 12% to 73%), the expected collision frequency (ranging from 10% to 31%), and the estimated combined collision reduction CMFcombined (ranging from 48% to 76%). The framework presented in this study would support transportation engineers in selecting optimal dimensions of cross-sectional elements of restricted horizontal curves, understanding the safety consequences of selecting a specific cross-sectional configuration, and assessing the economic viability of different design options.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it