Morphological and phylogenetic evidence for subtribe Cinninae and two new subtribes, Hookerochloinae and Dupontiinae (Poaceae tribe Poeae<scp>PPAM</scp>clade)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Molecular phylogenetic analyses and morphological characters of the grass supersubtribe Poodinae (tribe Poeae, PPAM clade) were evaluated with the goal of determining the relationships of single‐flowered spikelet genera recently classified in subtribe Cinninae and the sister genus of the New Zealand endemic genusSimplicia. A total of 136 samples representing 40 genera and 105 species were analyzed for three plastid (matK,trnC‐rpoB,trnT‐trnL‐trnF) and two nuclear ribosomal DNA markers (ITS, ETS). The Cinninae subtribe, includingAniselytron,Cinna,Cinnastrum,Cyathopus, andSimplicia, was recovered as monophyletic with weak support only in the combined analysis with known/putative hybrid taxa removed.Cinna(excludingCinnastrum) resolved as paraphyletic due to the position of the morphologically distinctiveCyathopus. Cinninae are characterized by flat leaf blades, open panicles, small, strongly compressed, single‐flowered spikelets, with a rachilla extension, and lemmas that are awnless or with a short subterminal awn. The genusCinnastrumis resurrected forCinna poiformisand differs fromCinnain its broader glumes and subterete caryopsis with solid endosperm. Simpliciais likely most closely related to the southern and eastern Asian genusAniselytron, with which it shares unequal and short lower glumes and spikelet disarticulation above the glumes, in contrast to the other three genera of the subtribe. The HSAQN clade, which has mainly multi‐flowered spikelets and is sister to Cinninae, is named subtribe Hookerochloinae, includingArctagrostis,Hookerochloa,Nicoraepoa,Saxipoa, andSylvipoa. The DAD clade, which is known to be of reticulate origin postulated here as involving Cinninae, is named subtribe Dupontiinae, and includesArctohyalopoa,Arctophila,Dupontia, andDupontiopsis. These three subtribes, together with subtribes Alopecurinae, Beckmanniinae, and Ventenatinae (along with Brizochloinae not tested here), make up the well‐supported Alopecurinae superclade within supersubtribe Poodinae.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".