Leaching of <scp>Ti</scp> and <scp>V</scp> from the non‐magnetic fraction of ilmenite‐based ore: Kinetic and thermodynamic modelling
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract A source of Ti and V found in Brazil contains important content of both elements and has not been explored yet. Such resources would supply the demand for the battery market (Li‐ion and redox flow), robotics, unmanned aerial vehicles, and 3D printers. The hydrometallurgical route is essential to obtain different high purity products. The goal of the present work was to study the HCl leaching of Ti and V from the non‐magnetic fraction of ilmenite‐based ore. The effects of solid–liquid ratio, NaHF 2 , Fe 0 , and chloride ions were evaluated. The optimized conditions were the solid–liquid ratio of 1/6–1/12 and NaHF 2 of 10 wt.% for 4 h under reducing leaching. Kinetic modelling fitted better for the chemical reaction model. The activation energy was 14.5, 15.4, and 15.5 J/mol for Ti, V, and Fe, respectively. No improvement was obtained as the concentration of chloride ions increased.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".