Frontispiece: Oxygen Vacancy Induced Structural Distortions in Black Titania: A Unique Approach using Soft X‐ray EXAFS at the O–K Edge
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The background is a 2D intensity image of the photons emitted from the black titania (TiO2) sample under study. The horizontal axis is the incident energy from 500–1000 eV. Thus, it is evident that emission photons from Ti, O, Fe, Ni, and Cu are observed. By focusing only on the strong oxygen emission (which oscillates as a function of incident energy), interatomic distances in black TiO2 are deduced, which are used to determine the crystallographic distortion that causes it to be black (instead of regular white). This distortion can be understood in terms of the relaxation undergone by the crystal in the presence of an oxygen vacancy. The crystallographic distortion and oxygen vacancy are also both illustrated in the artwork. For more information, see the Full Paper by Leedahl et al. on page 3272.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.171 | 0.069 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".