A Research Agenda for Regional and Local Government
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Over the last decades and across the globe, subnational government has undergone significant reform. In many of these structural changes to the systems of local, urban and metropolitan governance, the roles of leaders and positions of leadership were at the core of the reform. One of the most prominent aims has been to give expression to a new ideal type of local political leadership and to increase the legitimacy and accountability of subnational government. The further proliferation of the directly elected mayor model is but one expression of this trend. However, the academic literature continues to struggle to capture the complexity and changing nature of subnational leadership. In response, the aim of this chapter is to analyze and discuss the changes in mayoral and executive leadership against the background of the available typologies for mayoral and executive models. In addition, the authors develop an agenda for further research
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.008 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.009 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.016 | 0.016 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.006 | 0.007 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.024 | 0.007 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".