Explainable Intelligent Fault Diagnosis for Nonlinear Dynamic Systems: From Unsupervised to Supervised Learning
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The increased complexity and intelligence of automation systems require the development of intelligent fault diagnosis (IFD) methodologies. By relying on the concept of a suspected space, this study develops explainable data-driven IFD approaches for nonlinear dynamic systems. More in detail, we parameterize nonlinear systems through a generalized kernel representation used for system modeling and the associated fault diagnosis. An important result obtained is a unified form of kernel representations, applicable to both unsupervised and supervised learning. More importantly, through a rigorous theoretical analysis we discover the existence of \emph{a bridge} (i.e., a bijective mapping) between some supervised and unsupervised learning-based entities. Notably, the designed IFD approaches achieve the same performance by the use of this bridge. In order to have a better understanding of the results obtained, unsupervised and supervised neural networks are chosen as the learning tools to identify generalized kernel representations and design the IFD schemes; an invertible neural network is then employed to build the bridge between them. This study is a perspective article, whose contribution lies in proposing and detailing the fundamental concepts for explainable intelligent learning methods, contributing to system modeling and data-driven IFD designs for nonlinear dynamic systems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".