The Interannual Variability of Eddy Kinetic Energy in the Kuroshio Large Meander Region and Its Relationship to the Kuroshio Latitudinal Position at 140°E
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In this study, the variability of eddy kinetic energy (EKE) in the Kuroshio large meander (LM) region is investigated using both satellite sea surface height observation and high‐resolution ocean reanalysis data. The results show that the EKE has a remarkable interannual variability and it is negatively leading correlated with the change in the Kuroshio latitudinal position at 140°E. The mechanism analysis suggests that the baroclinic instability and advection processes are responsible for the EKE interannual variability and its effect on the Kuroshio latitudinal position at 140°E. Specifically, before the high EKE level occurs, a cyclonic eddy generates at the east of Kii Peninsula in the background field. The rapid development of this eddy and its eastward movement to the LM region induce the isopycnal inclinations there and the associated horizontal density gradient, which leads to the strong baroclinic instability and promotes the evolution of the eddy field and the formation of the high EKE level. The developed strong eddies, especially the cyclonic eddies, move downstream to 140°E, which pushes the Kuroshio off the shore and causes the southerly Kuroshio latitudinal position at 140°E. On the contrary, when the cyclonic eddies do not appear in the LM region, the isopycnals are relatively flat, which is not conducive to the generation of baroclinic instability. Consequently, the EKE level is low and only weak eddies are advected to 140°E, which does not substantially shift the Kuroshio southward and thus results in the northerly Kuroshio position.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".