Antioxidants Properties of Human Milk Fractions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Breastmilk contains all the nutrients required by the by both preterm and term infants. It also contains non-nutritional components that may promote infant health, growth, and development. Preterm infants have reduced antioxidant capacity and are often exposed to oxidant stress caused by infection, oxygen, mechanical ventilation, intravenous nutrition, and blood transfusions. Many of the disorders of preterm infants are thought to be due to this imbalance between antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress. Previous studies have shown that HM have a higher radical trapping ability compared to formulas and also that the complete list of HM antioxidants is not yet known. Therefore our hypothesis is that novel antioxidant compounds of HM can be isolated and characterized. Pooled HM samples were freeze-dried and the lipid removed after ultracentrifuge. Proteins were separated into whey and casein by adjusting the pH to 4.3 followed by ultracentrifuge. The antioxidant power of each fraction was measured with the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). The ORAC value of whole milk was 67.2 μmol Trolox/g and those of lipid, whey, and casein were 7.1, 13.1, and 205.6 μmol Trolox/g, respectively. The casein fraction is by far the most active fraction therefore, fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) separation is being performed concurrently with LC-MS for identification of the active proteins. Our goal is to isolate and characterize novel antioxidants in human milk that may be useful in reducing some diseases of prematurity through supplementation to HM itself or to formulas. Supported by AFMNET, MICH, and CIHR.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".