‘Abroad Was Where It all Happened’: Inter-war and Post-war Sponsored Migration to the Commonwealth
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This comparative study of emigration from Britain to the Old Commonwealth scrutinises the motives and experiences of those who left in the years after the First and Second World Wars respectively, and the objectives and practices of those who encouraged or recruited them. It considers whether official policies and participants’ perspectives on settlement in Canada, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa were characterised by continuity between the two periods, or whether there was a significant rethinking of attitudes to Commonwealth migration after 1945. It analyses the direct and indirect legacies of war, and evaluates the impact of the Empire Settlement Act on individuals and institutions during a century when confident imperialism was initially replaced by a more defensive attitude, and ultimately by the end of empire. It finds that the demise of institutional migration schemes reinforced a steady shift from the public perception of emigration as a partially corporate phenomenon to a more personal, individualistic process. The first part of the study makes extensive use of the records of Christ’s Hospital, Horsham to demonstrate the particular promotion of dominion emigration to public schoolboys, but also some of the challenges and tensions embedded in that policy. The second part draws on oral testimony from emigrants and recruiters, and evaluates briefly the role of film, radio and television in shaping the volume and direction of emigration.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.011 | 0.008 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".