Modified Pseudo-Dynamic Bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundations Subjected to Inclined-Eccentric Combined Loading
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Shallow foundations are commonly subjected to simultaneous inclined and eccentric combined loadings exerted by the overlying superstructure and geo-environmental sources. The performance of such footings in seismic-prone areas is a topic of great interest in geotechnical engineering practice. In this paper, a comprehensive parametric study is conducted to evaluate the seismic bearing capacity of shallow strip foundations overlying dry and cohesionless granular soil under the action of vertical-horizontal-moment combined loading. For this purpose, a systematic combination of the lower-bound theorems of the limit analysis, the finite element method, and the nonlinear programming is implemented. The second-order cone programming (SOCP) is adopted for efficient optimization purposes so as to model the actual nonlinear form of the universal Mohr-Coulomb yield function. In addition, the equilibrium equations associated with the combined loading are incorporated into the lower bound formulations. The seismic condition is simulated by the well-established modified pseudo-dynamic approach by accounting for the significant influence of phase difference as well as the primary and shear waves propagation through applying non-uniform inertia forces along the vertical and horizontal directions, respectively. The employed formulations are rigorously validated against a majority of high-quality studies in the literature in the static combined loading condition. The results of the seismic bearing capacity are presented in the forms of spectral responses and failure envelopes for the eccentric and inclined loadings. Accordingly, the influences of non-dimensional frequency, induced seismic acceleration and material damping on the ultimate bearing capacity of eccentrically and obliquely loaded strip footings are thoroughly examined and discussed. The results show that the most critical responses of the shallow foundation are captured in the resonance condition of earthquake excitation. As the seismic intensity decreases and the damping ratio increases, the spectral vertical, horizontal and moment bearing capacities of surface footings become smoother. In addition, the failure envelopes of the shallow foundation subjected to either inclined or eccentric loading significantly shrink with the increase in the earthquake accelerations and decrease in the material damping of the underlying soil mass. The amount of changes in the size of failure envelopes in the normalized V - H and V - M spaces due to the variation of seismic intensity and material damping depends directly on the non-dimensional frequency of the earthquake excitation.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".