Synergistic combination of Pd nanosheets and porous Bi(OH)3 boosts activity and durability for ethanol oxidation reaction
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Highly active and durable Pd-based electrocatalysts for ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) play a crucial role in the commercialization of direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs). However, the poisonous intermediates (especially adsorbed CO species (COad)) formed during the EOR process can easily adsorb and block the active sites on Pd electrodes, which in turn limits the catalytic efficiency. Hence, we present a series of Pd-based composites with a strong coupling interface consisting of Pd nanosheets and amorphous Bi(OH)3 species. The incorporation of Bi(OH)3 can induce an electron-rich state adjacent to the Pd sites and effectively separate the Pd ensemble, leading to excellent CO tolerance. The optimal Pd-Bi(OH)3 NSs catalyst manifests a mass activity of 2.2 A·mgPd−1, which is 5.7 and 2.0 times higher than that of Pd NSs and commercial Pd/C catalyst, respectively. Further CO-stripping experiments and CO-DRIFTS tests confirm the excellent CO tolerance on Pd-Bi(OH)3 NSs electrode, leading to the enhanced EOR durability.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it