The Laterality of Early Age-Related Hearing Loss and Brain β-Amyloid
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Worse hearing was linked to higher brain β-amyloid, a pathologic hallmark of Alzheimer's disease, in a recent study. We analyze the associations between β-amyloid and early age-related hearing loss in the right versus left ear to explore the laterality of this relationship. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis of a prospective cohort study. SETTING: Tertiary referral center. PARTICIPANTS: Ninety-eight late middle-age adults. INTERVENTIONS: None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was whole brain and regional β-amyloid standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) on positron emission tomography. The exposure was hearing in the right and left ear, measured by pure tone average (PTA) and word recognition score (WRS). Linear regression analyzed the association between β-amyloid and hearing in each ear, adjusting for potential confounders, including age, gender, education, cardiovascular disease, and hearing aid use. RESULTS: Mean age ± standard deviation was 64.3 ± 3.5 years. Mean PTA was 20.4 ± 8.8 dB. Multivariable regression adjusting for covariates demonstrated that a 10 dB worsening in PTA in the left ear was associated with significantly higher β-amyloid (SUVR) in the bilateral cingulate gyri (right coefficient: 0.029 [95% confidence interval: 0.003-0.054]; left: 0.029 [0.003-0.055]), bilateral frontal lobes (right: 0.024 [0.002-0.047]; left: 0.028 [0.006-0.049]), and the right temporal lobe (0.019 [0.002-0.037]). Consistent results were observed when WRS served as the exposure. No associations were observed between β-amyloid and PTA or WRS in the right ear. CONCLUSIONS: Worse hearing in the left ear, but not the right ear, was associated with higher β-amyloid. This might relate to asymmetric central auditory processing.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".