Le Québec devrait-il augmenter les taxes à la consommation?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Nous étudions les effets de quatre réformes fiscales à l’aide d’un modèle de cycle de vie avec générations chevauchantes et agents hétérogènes en présence de risque idiosyncratique pour les revenus du travail et du capital dans le cadre d’un système fiscal complexe. Le modèle réplique adéquatement les distributions empiriques conjointes du revenu, de la richesse et des paiements de taxes et d’impôts. Dans une économie où l’impôt sur le revenu des particuliers est fortement progressif, un déplacement à impact neutre sur les revenus publics en provenance de l’impôt vers les taxes à la consommation augmente l’épargne et la production. Cette politique bénéficie particulièrement à ceux disposant d’un faible niveau de richesse par rapport à leur revenu. Plusieurs réformes augmentent le revenu agrégé, malgré de faibles hausses dans les inégalités.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".