The genealogy of social and political mobilization in Lebanon under a neoliberal sectarian regime (2009–2019)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article adopts a structural, class-based and a political economy approach to the October 17 2019 Revolution in Lebanon inspired by David Harvey’s reading of neoliberalism, class struggles and class alliances. Starting from the re-emergence of a class-based discourse in the streets, and the widespread popular mobilization that crossed social classes, sectarian and regional divides, the article sets out to show that neoliberal sectarianism in Lebanon polarized society between those who control political power and rent seeking capital, and Lebanon’s discontented middle class, and a dispossessed working class. It sets out to argue that the structural effects of neoliberal sectarianism on social classes ushered in the wave of mobilization setting the stage for the 2019 protests. The article also offers preliminary reflections on post 2019 organizing and the challenges to cross-class alliance formation that are needed to shift the balance of class power away from the powerful elites.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".