Curcumin relaxes cholecystokinin‐ or KCl‐induced tension in male guinea pig gallbladder strips through multiple signaling pathways (1110.1)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Curcumin (diferuloymethane) is the active ingredient of the spice turmeric. In this laboratory, curcumin relaxed both cholecystokinin octapeptide‐ (CCK) and KCl‐induced tension in a concentration dependent manner. An in vitro technique was used to determine which second messenger system(s) mediated the relaxation. Paired t‐tests were used for statistical analysis. To determine if the PKA/cAMP second messenger system mediated the curcumin‐induced relaxation, PKA inhibitor 14‐22 amide myristolated (PKA‐IM; 180 nM) was used. PKA‐IM had no significant effect on the amount of curcumin‐induced relaxation. The PKC inhibitors bisindolymaleimide IV (0.5 μM) and chelerythrine Cl ‐ (5 mM) were used together; a significant (p<0.01) reduction in the curcumin‐induced relaxation (46±6.1 vs. 32.8±3.9%) was observed. TEA (5 μM) significantly decreased (p<0.01) the amount of relaxation (31.2±2.4 vs. 23.8±1.5%). Adding curcumin prior to KCl significantly decreased (p<0.001) the KCl‐induced tension (0.84±0.07 vs. 0.63±0.04 g). Curcumin‐induced relaxation is mediated by the PKC second messenger system, blocking extracellular Ca 2+ entry, and inhibition of K + channels. . In conclusion, the curcumin‐induced relaxation is mediated by multiple signaling pathways.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".