Benign prostatic hyperplasia: Basic research
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: To improve our ability of monitoring prostate gland in live animals and to study the molecular steps of prostate carcinogenesis, we developed a transgenic mouse model overexpressing luciferase (luc) gene in the prostate gland under the control of a human super prostate-specific antigen (sPSA) promoter (Yeung, et al. mc 275: 40846, 2000).This mouse model is used to study prostate development and to assess quantitatively the effect of androgen in stimulating prostate growth using a non-invasive imaging technique.This model will confirm the specificity of a human sPSA promoter for transgene delivery specifically to the prostate gland using murine models.METHODS: sPSA-Iuc transgenic mouse lines carrying the firefly luciferase gene driven by a 600 bp chimeric sPSA promoter were generated and maintained in pure FVB background.Expression of the luc reporter in living mice was analyzed using a whole-body optical cooled charged-coupled device (CCD) imaging system and confirmed by tissue luciferase enzymatic activity and immunohistochemical (IHC) assays.CCD imaging of sPSA-luc in male offspring between 2 and 52 weeks of age were conducted.This model was also used to assess prostate involution and androgen-induced prostate regeneration in vivo.RESULTS: Three sPSA-Iuc founder animals were identified by genotyping, Two female founders showed transmission of the transgene to their offspring by PCR screening; another male founder was infertile.CCD imaging of male offspring from one of the female founders showed extremely high level of bioluminescence photon counts in prostate lobes without any noticeable signals in 12 other organs.This result is consistent with luciferase enzymatic activity and IHC assays.Males of 2 to 4 weeks of age did not show significant bioluminescence image until sexual maturation while an almost constant, high level of signal was detected from 8 to 52 weeks of age.CCD imaging signal was decreased dramatically after castration and returned very rapidly to precastration levels after DHT (5mglkg) administration.CONCLUSIONS: Human sPSA promoter is superior to the full-length PSA, C-3 and MMTV promoters in conferring transgene expression only in mouse prostate.Imaging mouse prostate by bioluminescence of luc activity offers a non-invasive modality to follow prostate development, to assess prostate involution and regeneration.This model can be further developed to increase our understanding of prostate growth control.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.006 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".