Experimental Behavior of UHPC Shear Walls with Hybrid Reinforcement of CFRP and Steel Bars under Lateral Cyclic Load
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A new kind of structural system, ultrahigh-performance concrete (UHPC) shear walls reinforced with carbon fiber–reinforced polymer (CFRP) and steel bars, is proposed in this study. CFRP bars were used in the web region of the shear walls to obtain favorable self-centering capacity, and steel bars in the boundary element were used to achieve high energy-dissipation capacity. Quasi-static tests of four shear-wall specimens were conducted. The self-centering capacity, energy-dissipation capacity, and strength and stiffness degradation of the specimens were analyzed. The tested UHPC shear walls exhibited favorable self-centering and good energy-dissipation capacity. The experimental results showed that the stress in the CFRP bars is the key factor to determine the effectiveness of CFRP bars. The authors proposed a formula for calculating the proper location of CFRP bars and a design axial-load ratio limit for UHPC shear walls with hybrid CFRP/steel reinforcement bars.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".