Staphylococcus lugdunensis Endocarditis: Lower Mortality in the Contemporary Era?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BackgroundStaphylococcus lugdunensis is a virulent coagulase-negative Staphylococcus that is a rare cause of infective endocarditis (IE) associated with high mortality. A linear growth of IE has occurred over the past several years in Saskatchewan, with overlapping epidemics of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/hepatitis C virus driven by injection drug use (IDU). We hypothesized that given the unique challenges faced by our population with IDU and inequitable healthcare access, our cases of S. lugdunensis IE might differ from those in the published literature.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the cases of S. lugdunensis endocarditis admitted at our tertiary care hospitals in Saskatoon over a 6-year period and analyzed their baseline characteristics, antimicrobial susceptibility data, management, and outcome data, where available, for each patient.ResultsOf the 24 blood cultures positive for S. lugdunensis, as identified by our laboratory, we verified 6 cases of definite IE, and 2 cases of probable IE, applying the modified Duke’s criteria. A total of 5 of 8 cases involved native valves, with only 1 infection of the bioprosthetic mitral valve, seen in patient with IDU. A total of 5 of 8 cases involved the left-sided valves, with 1 of 8 involving the tricuspid valve. Only 1 death was recorded.ConclusionsThe male predominance and primarily left-sided valve infection we noted in our review were similar to results in the published literature. We noted a lower rate of surgical intervention and mortality than previously observed, which merits further study. We did not find coinfection with HIV and/or hepatitis C virus as an epidemiologic risk factor, likely owing to the low rate of IDU in our study.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".