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Anthocyanins and Proanthocyanidins: Chemical Structures, Food Sources, Bioactivities, and Product Development

2022· article· en· 268 citations· W4210571069 on OpenAlex· 10.1080/87559129.2022.2029479

Why is this work in the frame?

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

Canadian affiliationAn author listed a Canadian institution. This is the only route the usual frame has.

Full frame distilled prediction

Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

Candidate categories
none
Consensus categories
none
Domain
Candidate signal: noneConsensus signal: none
Study design
Candidate signal: Not applicableConsensus signal: none
Genre
Candidate signal: EmpiricalConsensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score
0.840
Threshold uncertainty score
0.671
Validation status
machine_predicted_unvalidated · codex-gemma-dda1882f352a

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Opus teacher head0.034
GPT teacher head0.267
Teacher spread
0.233 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Abstract

Anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins are widespread in the plant kingdom and are involved in important bioactivities, such as antioxidation. These flavonoids can reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, high blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes; consequently, they are widely studied for disease prevention and treatment. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of the chemical structures, food sources, and bioactivities of these compounds. We also discuss recent developments and trends related to anthocyanin- and proanthocyanidin-derived products. This review provides insights to inform related research and inspire future studies to help realize the potential of these plant pigments.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

The record

Venue
Food Reviews International
Topic
Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
Field
Medicine
Canadian institutions
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
Funders
not available
Keywords
ProanthocyanidinAnthocyaninFood scienceHyperlipidemiaFood productsChemistryBiotechnologyBiologyAntioxidantPolyphenolDiabetes mellitusBiochemistry
Has abstract in OpenAlex
yes