Sex differences in bone mineral content and bone geometry accrual: a review of the Paediatric Bone Mineral Accural Study (1991–2017)
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Context Girls’ and boys’ growth patterns differ in timing and tempo, and they have different lifestyles with regards to diet and physical activity. These factors have all been linked with bone mineral accrual.Objective To identify the associations of boys’ and girls’ growth, maturation, and lifestyle choices relating to parameters of bone geometry and mineral accrual.Methods Between 1991 and 1993, 251 children aged 8–15 years were recruited into a mixed-longitudinal cohort study (The Paediatric Bone Mineral Accrual Study (PBMAS)) and followed repeatedly over 26 years.Results It was found that girls matured approximately two years earlier than boys (11.8 vs. 13.4 years) but on average were shorter, had less lean mass and had greater fat mass (p < 0.05). There was a dissociation between the growth of bone and its mineralisation in both sexes. Boys had greater bone mass and bone geometry (p < 0.05). Both a healthy childhood diet and high levels of physical activity were associated with improved bone parameters.Conclusions Most, but not all, of the sex differences observed, were explained by height and lean mass differences. The importance of diet and physical activity on obtaining optimal bone mass during adolescence in both sexes was also paramount.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it