Hydrogen sulphide alleviates cadmium stress in <i>Trigonella foenum‐graecum</i> by modulating antioxidant enzymes and polyamine content
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Cadmium (Cd) toxicity reduces growth and yield of crops grown in metal‐polluted sites. Research was conducted to estimate the potential of hydrogen sulphide (H 2 S) to mitigate toxicity caused by Cd in fenugreek seedlings ( Trigonella foenum‐graecum L.). Different concentrations of CdCl 2 (Cd1—1 mM, Cd2—1.5 mM, Cd3—2mM) and H 2 S (HS1—100 µM, HS2—150 µM, HS3—200 µM) were assessed. Seeds of fenugreek were primed with sodium hydrosulphide (NaHS), as H 2 S donor. Seedlings growing in Cd‐spiked media treated with H 2 S were harvested after 2 weeks. Cd stress affected growth of fenugreek seedlings. Cd toxicity decreased leaf relative water content (LRWC), intercellular CO 2 concentration, net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration. However, application of H 2 S significantly improved seedling morphological attributes by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, i.e . APX, CAT and SOD, in Cd‐contaminated soil. H 2 S treatment also regulated phenolic and flavonoid content. H 2 S‐induced biosynthesis of spermidine (Spd) and putrescine (Put) could account for the enhancement of growth and physiological performance of fenugreek seedlings under Cd stress. H 2 S treatment also reduced H 2 O 2 production (38%) and electrolyte leakage (EL, 51%) in seedlings grown in different concentrations of Cd. It is recommended to evaluate the efficacy of H 2 S in alleviating Cd toxicity in other crop plants.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it