Opportunities and barriers to sustainable urban development: an analysis of the Toronto Green Standard (Version 3)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The City of Toronto has pushed for sustainable development as a normative goal through the creation of the ‘Toronto Green Standard’ (TGS). The TGS requires all developments in the municipal boundary to meet a specified level of sustainability requirements. Since 2018, the TGS has provided the opportunity to reach three voluntary tiers beyond the required tier (tiers 2-4), further enhancing sustainable building performance in exchange for a development charge refund. This report aims to determine the development characteristics most associated with Tier 2+. Results indicate that Tier 2+ developments are typically large-scale and mixed-use but vary given geographic context and developer characteristics. Moreover, results suggest that the development charge refund may not be a sufficient incentive for most developers, indicating a need for incentive reform. This research is a significant case study for planners considering the challenges and opportunities of encouraging sustainability in urban development. Key Words: Sustainable Development, Resilience, Toronto Green Standard, Incentives
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".