Mycorrhizal colonization associated with roots of field‐grown maize does not decline with increasing plant‐available phosphorus
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Maize roots are colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, but less mycorrhizal symbiosis is expected as the plant‐available phosphorus (P) concentration of soil increases, based on greenhouse and growth bench experiments. The objective of this study was to evaluate maize root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a sandy loam soil with a gradient of plant‐available P concentrations resulting from P fertilizer inputs. The field experiment received inorganic and organic P fertilizers for 3 years, and this created a 20‐fold difference in the plant‐available P concentration, from 12 to 204 mg Mehlich‐3 extractable P kg −1 . The proportion of maize roots colonized with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increased from 26 ± 2% during vegetative growth (V8 and VT growth stages) to 46 ± 2% in the reproductive R2 and R6 stages. The P fertilizer input did not affect maize root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. More arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization of maize roots occurred in soil with increasing plant‐available P concentrations ( r = .12, p = .05, n = 237), and this was associated with greater P uptake in the maize shoots ( r = .53, p < .001, n = 240). We conclude that the root‐mycorrhizal symbiosis was more strongly related to maize growth than the plant‐available P concentration under field conditions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".