Nonlinear Slip-Failure Surface and Associated Lateral Earth Pressure
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In optimizing the design of retaining structures and monitoring their health, it is important to determine the actual nonlinear slip-failure surface and the associated nonlinear lateral stress distribution. This paper presents a model developed for the nonlinear geometry of active and passive slip-failure surfaces in cohesionless soils and for determining their three main associated variables; that is, lateral earth pressure distribution, coefficient of lateral earth pressure, and location of the resultant lateral force. The variational limit-equilibrium method, as applied to a normally consolidated dry granular media, and the plane-strain critical-state friction angle at failure are used to develop the model. The model outputs the governing geometry of the slip-failure surface and its associated lateral stress distribution as a unique nonlinear function of the ultimate shearing resistance at failure. Mostly existing studies are complex unilateral approaches of the lateral stress or the slip-failure geometry as separated issues. In contrast, the present paper addresses a simple coupled solution at critical state that uses a disambiguated friction angle and avoids arbitrary input assumptions such as the geometry of the slip-failure surface.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".