Nonlinear Slip-Failure Surface and Associated Lateral Earth Pressure
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In optimizing the design of retaining structures and monitoring their health, it is important to determine the actual nonlinear slip-failure surface and the associated nonlinear lateral stress distribution. This paper presents a model developed for the nonlinear geometry of active and passive slip-failure surfaces in cohesionless soils and for determining their three main associated variables; that is, lateral earth pressure distribution, coefficient of lateral earth pressure, and location of the resultant lateral force. The variational limit-equilibrium method, as applied to a normally consolidated dry granular media, and the plane-strain critical-state friction angle at failure are used to develop the model. The model outputs the governing geometry of the slip-failure surface and its associated lateral stress distribution as a unique nonlinear function of the ultimate shearing resistance at failure. Mostly existing studies are complex unilateral approaches of the lateral stress or the slip-failure geometry as separated issues. In contrast, the present paper addresses a simple coupled solution at critical state that uses a disambiguated friction angle and avoids arbitrary input assumptions such as the geometry of the slip-failure surface.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".