The correlates of substance use among older adults in Ghana during the COVID-19 pandemic
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background Evidence suggests that substance use remains one of the negative consequences of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic among older adults. However, not much is known about the prevalence and associated factors of substance use during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana. Methods Using data from a survey on coronavirus-related health literacy conducted in the Ashanti Region of Ghana among 474 older adults aged 50 years or above, we performed multivariable logistic regression analysis to assess demographic, socio-economic and health-related correlates of alcohol and tobacco use. Results We recorded a prevalence of 11.4% alcohol use and 6.8% of tobacco smoking, in addition to 16% prevalence of tobacco smoking and/or alcohol intake during the pandemic. After adjusting for the demographic and socio-economic factors, male participants had higher odds of substance use than their female counterparts. Older adults with tertiary education and those who rated their wealth status as poor had a lower odds of substance use than their counterparts. Conclusions Our findings have implications for designing programs and policies to limit substance use among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic and possible future disease outbreaks.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".