Novel diabetes gene discovery through comprehensive characterization and integrative analysis of longitudinal gene expression changes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a complex, systemic disease affected by both genetic and environmental factors. Previous research has identified genetic variants associated with type 2 diabetes risk; however, gene regulatory changes underlying progression to metabolic dysfunction are still largely unknown. We investigated RNA expression changes that occur during diabetes progression using a two-stage approach. In our discovery stage, we compared changes in gene expression using two longitudinally collected blood samples from subjects whose fasting blood glucose transitioned to a level consistent with type 2 diabetes diagnosis between the time points against those who did not with a novel analytical network approach. Our network methodology identified 17 networks, one of which was significantly associated with transition status. This 822-gene network harbors many genes novel to the type 2 diabetes literature but is also significantly enriched for genes previously associated with type 2 diabetes. In the validation stage, we queried associations of genetically determined expression with diabetes-related traits in a large biobank with linked electronic health records. We observed a significant enrichment of genes in our identified network whose genetically determined expression is associated with type 2 diabetes and other metabolic traits and validated 31 genes that are not near previously reported type 2 diabetes loci. Finally, we provide additional functional support, which suggests that the genes in this network are regulated by enhancers that operate in human pancreatic islet cells. We present an innovative and systematic approach that identified and validated key gene expression changes associated with type 2 diabetes transition status and demonstrated their translational relevance in a large clinical resource.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".