Trend of Chickenpox in Jordan (2013-2020)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background Chickenpox is the primary infection of varicella-zoster virus (VZV), which is a highly contagious disease. Objective The main goal of this epidemiological descriptive study was to analyze the medical chickenpox data from 2013 to 2020 in Jordan. The aim of the study was to obtain in-depth statistics for all Jordan cities comparing the year semesters for these years, with comparisons of gender and age categories. In addition, we aimed to determine the status of the epidemiological situation in Jordan with concern of the effects of Syrian refugees and the COVID-19 epidemic. Methods This was an epidemiological descriptive study focusing on children under 15 years old. Data were collected based on a clinical diagnosis by doctors. Chickenpox data were obtained from the Ministry of Health as computerized and manual weekly reports from public and private health centers and hospitals. SPSS was used to statistically analyze the data. Results The total number of chickenpox cases reported from 2013 to 2020 in Jordan was 40,988. There was an obvious rise in cases in 2014 (19.24%) with possible outbreaks due to the influx of Syrian refugees, whereas the lowest number of cases (2.44%) was reported in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic and associated quarantine that occurred in Jordan, especially because of closing schools and clinics. Although the total number of chickenpox cases varied from 2013 to 2020, all years showed the same seasonal distribution, with the highest numbers in the spring (especially May), at 16.12%. Geographic distribution analysis showed that the highest numbers of cases were reported in the cities of Amman and Zarqa, with 18.15% and 12.81%, respectively, according to the highest population and gatherings. In gender distribution, there was a sustained preponderance for males over females with 54.48% of the cases reported in males. The age category of 5-9 years was the most likely to be affected by this disease, accounting for 43.34% of cases. This is because these younger children are newly entering school and starting to interact with others. However, the age category of over 20 years showed the lowest number of cases, accounting for 3.98%. There is more concern in Mafraq city (which has the greatest number of Syrian refugees), and we found that children in the age categories of 1-4 years and less than 1 year were more likely to be infected than others. Conclusions Our analysis showed a possible outbreak of chickenpox in 2014, and the lowest number of cases occurred in 2020. In addition, the spring season is the time with the highest number of infected cases. Chickenpox is a highly transmissible childhood disease that becomes more severe with age, and is especially prevalent in children 5-9 years of age in Jordan. Moreover, the gender distribution of cases throughout the years showed a sustained preponderance for males over females. Due to the high populations in Amman and Zarqa cities, these areas had the highest numbers of people infected with chickenpox.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".