Dynamics of Probable Maximum Precipitation Within Coastal Urban Areas in a Convection-Permitting Regional Climate Model
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The west coast of Canada is strongly affected by the extreme precipitation events triggered by frequent atmospheric river (AR) activities over the eastern North Pacific. Across the region, assessing the probable maximum precipitation (PMP), can provide valuable information for resilience building of the coastal communities that are vulnerable to hydrological risks. In this study, a 3-km convection-permitting regional climate model is used to physically estimate the PMP in Vancouver. This technique maximizes the effect of AR-related water vapor transport by spatially adjusting the lateral boundary conditions (LBCs) of the model simulations for the selected AR-related extreme precipitation events. The PMP in Vancouver is identified among the simulations driven by the spatially adjusted LBCs that are corresponding with the AR-induced “worst-case scenario,” i.e., landfalling ARs hit Vancouver with optimal landfalling location and transport direction. Results suggest that the PMP in Vancouver, in terms of the maxima of the regionally averaged 72-h total precipitation for the historical extreme precipitation events, is up to 790 mm, which is 130% greater than the historical peak precipitation for the period 1980∼2017. On average, all the PMP simulations shows an overall increase by 81% in precipitation by relative to historical simulations. In addition, the PMP simulations suggested an overall decrease in snowfall by 12% due to the warmer near-surface air temperature; however, a pronounced increase in freezing rain is seen. The precipitation increase for the estimated PMP relative to the historical extreme precipitation is closely associated with the increased atmospheric moisture transport and the changes in the atmospheric dynamic factors when the AR effects are maximized. These include the enhanced low-tropospheric ascent and moisture transport convergence, which can induce stronger depletion of atmospheric moistures as indicated by the increased precipitation efficiency.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".