Cardiovascular α<sub>1</sub>-adrenoceptor subtypes: functions and signaling
Bibliographic record
Abstract
α 1 -Adrenoceptors (α 1 AR) are G protein-coupled receptors and include α 1A , α 1B , and α 1D subtypes corresponding to cloned α 1a , α 1b , and α 1d , respectively. α 1 AR mediate several cardiovascular actions of sympathomimetic amines such as vasoconstriction and cardiac inotropy, hypertrophy, metabolism, and remodeling. α 1 AR subtypes are products of separate genes and differ in structure, G protein-coupling, tissue distribution, signaling, regulation, and functions. Both α 1A AR and α 1B AR mediate positive inotropic responses. On the other hand, cardiac hypertrophy is primarily mediated by α 1A AR. The only demonstrated major function of α 1D AR is vasoconstriction. α 1 AR are coupled to phospholipase C, phospholipase D, and phospholipase A 2 ; they increase intracellular Ca 2+ and myofibrillar sensitivity to Ca 2+ and cause translocation of specific phosphokinase C isoforms to the particulate fraction. Cardiac hypertrophic responses to α 1 AR agonists might involve activation of phosphokinase C and mitogen-activated protein kinase via G q . α 1 AR subtypes might interact with each other and with other receptors and signaling mechanisms.Key words: cardiac hypertrophy, inotropic responses, central α 1 -adrenoreceptors, arrythmias.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".