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Record W4211064896 · doi:10.1093/yiel/yvab052

5. United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA) (formerly the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA))

2020· article· en· W4211064896 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
Ankit Malhotra, R. Rajesh Babu

Bibliographic record

VenueYearbook of International Environmental Law · 2020
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEnvironmental Science
TopicEnvironmental Policies and Emissions
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsFree trade agreementInternational tradeBoomLegislationClimate changePolitical scienceIndustrialisationPopulationBusinessFree tradeLawEngineeringDemographySociology

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The USMCA replaced NAFTA. It entered into force in July. Climate change is a crucial aspect in the analysis of the USMCA. The move towards technology, development, and enhanced industrialization, coupled with a population boom, has harmed the climate and the environment. The refusal of states to take collective responsibility has been a major factor. However, there has been some change recently with international organizations and governments striving to make improvements. This is being done through the formulation of new legislation and agreements, and the amendment of the existing ones to make them more effective. The 1994 NAFTA lacked adequate provisions to fight climate change. However, the perception of the importance of the environment has changed drastically in the past twenty-five years. Recognizing this, the USMCA incorporated a wide range of provisions for environmental protection. The Agreement came into effect in July. The time...

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.450
Threshold uncertainty score0.995

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.001
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.001
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0060.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.007
GPT teacher head0.189
Teacher spread0.182 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations1
Published2020
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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