Islet Transplantation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The discovery of insulin dramatically changed the outcome for patients with type 1 diabetes and the acute lethal complications of diabetes like diabetic ketoacidosis could be effectively treated. However, the improved survival allowed the development of the secondary complications of diabetes. Typically the patient with type 1 diabetes develops retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, or vascular disease over time. It was not until 1993 that definitive proof for the value of good glycemic control was established. Controlling glycemia with exogenous insulin remains a challenge. Given the nonphysiological subcutaneous route of insulin administration, its inherent delay in absorption, the variability of serum levels obtained, and the systemic versus portal venous delivery, it is perhaps remarkable how well the glucose levels are actually controlled. Many efforts have been made to generate a closed‐loop system for glucose control, including the Biostator® and insulin infusion pumps. The goal of any closed‐loop system is to have reliable glucose sensing linked to appropriate insulin delivery on a continuous basis. Mechanical closed‐loop systems may in the future achieve this but have been fraught with problems despite early promise. Transplantation of islets of Langerhans or of the whole pancreas can achieve a physiological closed‐loop system today.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.045 | 0.020 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".