Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Co.ry.ne.bac.te'ri.um. Gr. n. coryne a club; L. neut. n. bacterium a rod, and in biology a bacterium (so called because the first ones observed were rod‐shaped); N.L. neut. n. Corynebacterium a club bacterium. Straight to slightly curved rods with tapered ends. Rods are usually short or of medium length. Club‐shaped forms may be observed ; sometimes ellipsoidal, ovoid or rarely, “whip handles” (see below, Corynebacterium matruchotii ) or thinner rods with bulges (see below, Corynebacterium sundsvallense ) observed. Snapping division produces angular and palisade arrangements of cells. Gram‐stain‐positive; some cells stain unevenly . Metachromatic (synonym being polyphosphate) granules may be observed for some species. Not‐acid‐fast (Ziehl–Neelsen stain), and no species has aerial mycelium. Nonsporeforming. All species are nonmotile . All species are catalase positive . All species are oxidase negative except for Corynebacterium bovis, Corynebacterium aurimucosum, Corynebacterium doosanense , and Corynebacterium maris (below). Many species are facultatively anaerobic and some are aerobic . Chemoorganotrophs. Some species are lipophilic. Many species produce acid from glucose and some other sugars in peptone media. Several species alkalinize citrate as sole carbon sources, but most do not. DNA G+C content (mol%) : 46–74. Type species : Corynebacterium diphtheriae (Kruse 1886) Lehmann and Neumann 1896, 350 (“ Bacillus diphtheria ” Kruse in Flügge 1886, 225). Taxonomic and Nomenclature Notes According to the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN), the taxonomic status of the genus Corynebacterium is: correct name (last update, February 2025) * . LPSN classification: Bacteria / Bacillati / Actinomycetota / Actinomycetes / Mycobacteriales / Corynebacteriaceae / Corynebacterium The genus Corynebacterium can also be recovered in the Genome Taxonomy Database (GTDB) as g__Corynebacterium (version v220) ** . GTDB classification: d__Bacteria / p__Actinomycetota / c__Actinomycetes / o__Mycobacteriales / f__Mycobacteriaceae / g__Corynebacterium * Meier‐Kolthoff et al. ( 2022 ). Nucleic Acids Res , 50 , D801 – D807 ; DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab902 ** Parks et al. ( 2022 ). Nucleic Acids Res , 50 , D785 – D794 ; DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab776 </jats
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.475 | 0.508 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".