Genomic signatures of adaptation to novel environments: hatchery and life history-associated loci in landlocked and anadromous Atlantic salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The adaptation of marine and anadromous fishes to novel, freshwater environments requires major physiological shifts in functions related to osmoregulation, immunity, and metabolism. For Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations, such changes have occurred independently in many landlocked populations that were formed as a result of extensive hydrological shifts in North America around 10 000 years ago. We compared patterns of genetic variation between two landlocked and one anadromous population of Atlantic salmon to identify loci that may have played an important evolutionary role in facilitating the transition from an anadromous to an entirely freshwater life history. Outlier loci included single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes related to functions including immunity, growth, and osmoregulation. We also used these same populations to characterize loci associated with distinct hatchery rearing environments. This additional comparison identified outlier SNPs annotated to genes related to wound healing, consistent with findings from other genetic studies of domestication selection in fishes. Together, our results highlight putative responses to both natural selection imposed by major environmental changes and artificial selection levied by differing hatchery environments.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".