The Arabic Translation and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Bristol Activity of Daily Living Scale
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: There are few Arabic language functional scales for patients with dementia. The Bristol Activity of Daily Living Scale (BADLS) was designed and validated for use in patients with dementia. Objective: Our study aimed to translate, cross-culturally adapt, and validate the BADLS to the Arabic language for people with neurocognitive decline and dementia. Methods: The original BADLS scale was translated to the Arabic language followed by face validity assessment through a pilot testing in five Arabic countries. The Arabic BADLS was assessed in a sample of 139 participants and their caregivers for concurrent and convergent validity. Results: The Arabic BADLS had excellent internal consistency, Cronbach’s alpha 0.95 (95% CI 0.93–0.96). Likewise, the Arabic BADLS had strong convergent validity with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (r = –0.82, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The Arabic BADLS is a valid scale that can used to assess the functional performance of people living with dementia.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".