Management of patients who are receiving warfarin or a new oral anticoagulant and require urgent or emergency surgery
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An increasing number of patients are receiving long‑term oral anticoagulant therapy and the availability of new oral anticoagulants (OACs), which are easier to use than warfarin, will further expand the population of anticoagulated patients. As a consequence, an increasing number of patients will need perioperative anticoagulant management because of elective or nonelective surgery or procedures. The perioperative management of such patients is pertinent to a broad spectrum of physicians, including anesthesiologists, internists, and surgeons. The objectives of this review are to provide a clinically‑focused background on the pharmacology of warfarin and the new OACs and to suggest perioperative anticoagulant management strategies. This review will focus on the perioperative management of warfarin and new OACs who require urgent or emergent surgery or who require rapid anticoagulant reversal because of ongoing bleeding or high bleeding risk.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".