Bibliographic record
Abstract
Alterations to the unsteady wake dynamics imposed by abrupt changes in the phase angle between two pitching side-by-side foils are computationally examined at the Reynolds number of 1000 and 4000 and Strouhal number of 0.25–0.5. Four hybrid modes are considered in this study inspired by the swimming habits of red nose tetra fish and burst-and-coast swimming phenomenon. At the higher Strouhal number of 0.50, abrupt changes in the phase angle result in the formation and growth of a secondary vortex street between the two primary streets, which enable and maintain a split-wake configuration. Furthermore, phase switching alters pressure levels on the top and bottom surfaces of both foils to similar levels, which attribute to lowering the side-force. The growth rate of the secondary vortex street remains consistent for all four hybrid modes. At lower Strouhal numbers ( 0.25–0.4), however, the abrupt change in the phase angle converts the wake to a single vortex street. Thus, this indicates that the wake reactions for such cases in synchronization substantially change at lower Strouhal number. Although a different behavior of total side force production is observed at a lower Reynolds number for Strouhal number of 0.50, the wake dynamics implies that phase alterations act as a similar flow control mechanism to stabilize the wake. Finally, it is identified that the suspension of oscillations significantly limits the implications of initiation of oscillations on wake dynamics and performance following abrupt changes in the phase angle.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.810 | 0.738 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".