Long-Term Tocolysis With Magnesium Sulfate as a Risk Factor for Low Bone Mass: A Case Series
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pregnancy and lactation-associated osteoporosis (PLO) is a disease caused by vertebral compression fracture, and it is characterized by low back pain during pregnancy or the postpartum period. However, it is difficult to predict and prevent PLO prepartum in high-risk groups. Recently, long-term tocolysis with magnesium sulfate (MgSO 4 ) has been reported to be associated with PLO. The purpose of this case series was to assess postpartum bone mass after long-term tocolysis with MgSO 4 and accumulated doses of MgSO 4 . We report the case of a pregnant woman with vertebral compression fractures during pregnancy following long-term tocolysis with MgSO 4 . We investigated whether long-term tocolysis with MgSO 4 was a high risk factor for PLO. Therefore, we retrospectively evaluated bone mineral density after delivery in nine women who had long-term tocolysis with MgSO 4 (more than 8 days) for treatment of threatened preterm birth at our hospital from January 2020 to December 2020. The age of the women was between 20 and 41 years (mean age, 30 years). The body mass index of the women was between 18.1 and 25.4 kg/m 2 (mean 20.0 kg/m 2 ). Three women had a positive smoking history, and none had a family history of osteoporosis. The average duration of tocolysis with MgSO 4 was 11 - 97 days. The accumulated doses of MgSO 4 were between 168 and 3,756 g. Four of nine cases were diagnosed with low bone mass of young adult mean (YAM) value ≤ 80%. Of them, one case (accumulated doses of MgSO 4 : 1,260 g) was diagnosed with PLO of YAM value ≤ 70%, and one case (accumulated doses of MgSO 4 : 3,756 g) was diagnosed with bone fracture with a YAM value of ≤ 70%. Long-term tocolysis with MgSO 4 may be suggested as one of the risk factors of PLO. Nutritional guidance and rehabilitation are important interventions for target patients. J Med Cases. 2022;13(2):47-50 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jmc3833
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".