The construction of USS Atlanta and the Navy seizure of Federal Shipbuilding
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cet article constitue une étude sur les efforts syndicalistes pour organiser le travail dans les chantiers navals entre 1940 et 1942 quand l'expansion de la marine nationale américaine exigeait un accroissement de l'efficacité de production.Le sujet est la construction du croiseur USS Atlanta aux chantiers Federal Shipbuilding dans le New Jersey, qui a été interrompue par une grève menant à une impasse entre direction et les travailleurs récemment organisés.La marine nationale a saisi le chantier en août 1941, et, tout en observant une stricte neutralité sur les questions de travail, a mis en œuvre des mesures de sécurité de travail qui ont atténué les tensions.La construction de l'Atlanta a été achevée en décembre, en avance de la date prévue, et ceci malgré l'interruption du travail.La réponse patriotique des travailleurs à l'attaque japonaise sur Pearl Harbor le 7 décembre 1941 a permis au gouvernement de restituer le chantier à ses propriétaires début janvier 1942.Prior to World War II, the War and Navy Departments procured armaments through competitive bids from multiple suppliers in order to lower costs.In the case of shipbuilding, the Navy not only sought to play contractors against each other, but also against the Navy's government-owned shipyards.To be able to compete successfully for contracts, shipbuilding corporations sought to lower production costs by employing cheap non-union labor.With naval ship contracts far and few between during the 1920s and the early years of the Great Depression, commercial shipyards were able to easily fend off unionization attempts as workers, grateful to have jobs, understood they could be readily replaced.However, with the mobilization for war, labor became a commodity that was in demand as the yards scurried to fill a flood of orders placed by the government.Union organizers were able to leverage the shipyards' need to hire skilled workers, especially welders, to achieve recognition.At Federal Shipbuilding in Kearny, New Jersey the Industrial Union of Marine and Shipbuilding Workers of America (IUMSWA) would achieve recognition and worked towards the goal of making the Kearny facility a closed shop.With management opposed, the union waged a strike in August 1941.Because of the important need to get ships such as the light cruiser Atlanta out from the building ways to join the fleet at a The Northern Mariner/Le marin du nord XXIV, No. 2 (April 2014), 135-152
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".