Detecting the Incidence and Benefits Foregone of Elder Abuse Neglect: The Case of Hearing Aids in Nursing Homes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Neglect is the form of elder abuse that is most likely to be underreported. We provide a three-part test that can be used to uncover the incidence of elder abuse neglect. We apply the test to nursing homes in the form of the under-provision of hearing aids (HAs). To prove HA neglect, it must be shown that they are needed, socially worthwhile and underprovided. All three test results reveal negligence in the context of HAs in nursing homes. The main contribution of the article is to provide empirical evidence related to the third test, based on a large national panel data set using a two-way, random effects regression. Nursing home usage of HAs is one-sixth lower that it would be if older adults lived out in the community. The approximate value lost in the US by this elder abuse neglect is estimated to be $4.4 billion. It is recommended that greater use of hearing aids would be forthcoming if the nursing home institutions themselves recognized the nature and scope of the hearing loss problem of residents
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".