Isolated systolic hypertension is associated with increased left ventricular mass index and aortic stiffness in adolescents: a cardiac magnetic resonance study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Despite the high prevalence of isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) among hypertensive adolescents, its clinical significance is not determined. In addition, it is hypothesized that ISH with normal central blood pressure (BP) in young patients is a benign phenomenon and was hence labeled spurious hypertension (sHTN). METHODS: Using cardiac magnetic resonance we evaluated a group of 73 patients with suspected primary hypertension, aged 13-17 years (median: 16.9, interquartile range 15.8-17.4; 13 girls), in whom, based on 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring either ISH (n = 30) or white-coat hypertension (WCH) (n = 43) was diagnosed. Based on noninvasive central BP measurement 13 participants in the ISH group were classified as having sHTN and 17 were diagnosed with true hypertension. RESULTS: Compared with WCH adolescents, ISH patients presented with higher indexed left ventricular mass index (LVMI) (P < 0.001), maximal left ventricular (LV) wall thickness (P < 0.001), LV concentricity (P = 0.001) and more often had LV hypertrophy (47 vs. 14%, P = 0.002). They had higher average pulse wave velocity (PWV) in the proximal aorta (P = 0.016) and the whole thoracic aorta (P = 0.008). In addition, we observed higher indexed LV stroke volume (P = 0.025) in patients with ISH. The sHTN subgroup had significantly higher LVMI and aortic PWV, and more often had LV hypertrophy compared with the WCH group. The sHTN and true hypertension subgroups did not differ in terms of aortic PWV, LVMI or LV geometry. CONCLUSION: Compared with adolescents with WCH patients with ISH, including the sHTN subtype, have more pronounced markers of cardiac end-organ damage, higher aortic stiffness and stroke volume.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".