Numerical investigation of the flow dynamics and heat transfer in a rectangular shell-and-tube heat exchanger
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Numerical simulations have been carried out to investigate the turbulent flows and coupled conductive/convective heat transfers in a glycol to water shell-and-tube heat exchanger (one shell, one tube doing six passes). The refrigerant (glycol) flows in the tube, and a secondary fluid (water) flows in the shell. The k-ω SST model is used to close the system of equations in the turbulent regime. The present model is first favorably compared and validated against experimental and numerical researches for a concentric annular heated pipe for two radius ratios (R∗=0.1and0.5) at a bulk Reynolds number ReDh=8900 and a Prandtl number Pr=0.71. It is then extended to consider the shell-and-tube configuration with a rectangular shell. Its thermo-hydraulic performances in the tube side are quantified for different Reynolds numbers at the cold inlet ranging from 1.03 × 103 to 1.47 × 105. The performance of the heat exchanger is then enhanced by introducing baffles in the rectangular shell. The results are finally discussed in terms of three global performance metrics.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".