Towards A Comprehensive Breastfeeding-Friendly Workplace Environment: Insight From Selected Health Facilities In The Central Region of Ghana
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background In the last three decades, Ghana has championed the objectives of the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative to provide pregnant women and nursing mothers with skills and support necessary for optimal breastfeeding. Yet, little is known about practical interventions to promote breastfeeding friendly work environment in healthcare facilities. This study explores the extent to which healthcare facilities in Effutu Municipality provide breastfeeding friendly workplace environment to breastfeeding frontline health workers. Methods A descriptive mixed-method approach was employed to collect data from healthcare facility representative and breastfeeding frontline health workers. Self-administered questionnaire with structured responses and interview guide were used to collect data. Thematic analysis was used to analyze interview responses. Survey responses were processed with SPSS version 23.0 and presented using frequencies and percentages.Results Three main themes, namely, Standpoints on workplace breastfeeding support; Breastfeeding support, suggested future directions and six sub-themes, including backings for workplace breastfeeding support; perceived benefits of breastfeeding support; factors of poor breastfeeding workplace support; maternity protection benefits; workplace support gaps, and awareness creation on benefits were identified to explain the extent to which health facilities provide breastfeeding friendly workplace environment. Breastfeeding frontline health workers said their hospitals have no breastfeeding policy (96%), no breastfeeding facility (96%), do not go to work with baby (96%), but went on 12 weeks maternity leave (96%) and work half-day (70%) on return to work.ConclusionHealth facilities in the study do not provide breastfeeding friendly work environment except the privileges provided by the Labor Act. Continuous advocacy on breastfeeding workplace support and stakeholder engagement to build consensus on the mix of strategies suitable to cushion breastfeeding frontline health workers against work-breastfeeding stress and minimize its negative impact on optimal breastfeeding among frontline health workers is recommended.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".