Poly(<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′‐bis‐4‐butylphenyl‐<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′‐biphenyl)benzidine as Interfacial Passivator for Dopant‐Free P3HT Hole Transport Layer‐Based Perovskite Solar Cell in Regular Mesoscopic Architecture
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The best‐recorded performance of perovskite‐based solar cells (PSCs) in regular mesoscopic architecture is generally associated with the use of the common 2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis[N,N‐di(4‐methoxyphenyl)amino]‐9,9′‐spirobifluorene (Spiro‐OMeTAD). However, the need for lithium‐based hygroscopic dopants hinders the chemical and environmental stability of the devices. This work presents a passivated stable PSC device based on a dopant‐free poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) hole transport layer. By introducing a poly(N,N′‐bis‐4‐butylphenyl‐N,N′‐biphenyl)benzidine (polyTPD) interlayer at the perovskite/P3HT interface, the parameters of the low‐performance pristine P3HT‐based cells are improved. This introduction leads to optimizing the P3HT film morphology, interfacial defects, and charge extraction, along with a significant suppression of interfacial recombination and enhancement of the cell power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 7% to 10.65%. Further, an improvement is observed in open‐circuit voltage and the fill factor, increasing from 0.912 to 0.95 V and from 59.2% to 61.1%, respectively. Moreover, the noncapsulated passivated PSC devices exhibit higher operational stability. Examinations show that devices in a dark controlled environment (10–15% humidity) can retain 82% of their initial PCE for 450 h, and 73% of their initial PCE when thermally stressed at 60 °C temperature under ambient conditions (25–35% humidity) for 264 h.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".